What happens if you break a law and are not even aware you broke one? What if you know that you are guilty but cannon afford what you need to bring to the priest for atonement? Some of the things we will encounter are examples of case law. Because it happened at least once to somebody, there is a law to deal with that particular case.

Leviticus 5

“If a person sins when he is a witness and does not testify when called, then he shall bear the guilt of his sin; 

2 Or if a person touches any unclean thing, whether it is a carcass of an unclean beast or cattle, or the carcass of unclean creeping things, and is unaware; he also shall be unclean, and guilty.

3 Or if he touches the uncleanness of man, whatever uncleanness it is that a man shall be defiled with, and is unaware; when he knows of it, then he shall be guilty.

4 Or if someone swears, declaring with his lips to do good or evil, whatever it is that a man shall pronounce with an oath, and is unaware; when he knows of it, then he shall be guilty in one of these.

5 A person who is guilty in one of these things, that he shall confess that he has sinned in that thing:

6 He shall bring his trespass offering to the LORD for his sin a female from the flock, a lamb or a kid of the goats, for a sin offering; and the priest shall make atonement for him concerning his sin.

7 And if he is not able to bring a lamb, then he shall bring for his trespass, which he has committed, two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, to the LORD; one for a sin offering, and the other for a burnt offering.

8 He shall bring them to the priest, who shall offer the one for the sin offering first, and wring off his head from his neck, but shall not divide it into;

9 And he shall sprinkle some of the blood of the sin offering on the side of the altar; and the rest of the blood shall be wrung out at the bottom of the altar: it is a sin offering.

10 He shall offer the second for a burnt offering, according to the regulation: and the priest shall make atonement for his sin, and it shall be forgiven. 

11 But if he is not able to bring two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, then he that sinned shall bring for his offering the tenth part of an ephah of fine flour for a sin offering; he shall put no oil on it, neither shall he put any frankincense on it, for it is a sin offering.

12 Then he shall bring it to the priest, and the priest shall take his handful of it, as a memorial, and burn it on the altar, according to the offerings made by fire to the LORD: it is a sin offering.

13 And the priest shall make atonement for his sin that he has sinned in one of these, and it shall be forgiven: and the remnant shall be the priest’s, as a food offering.”

14 And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,

15 “If a person commit a trespass, and sins through ignorance, in the holy things of the LORD; then he shall bring for his trespass to the LORD a ram without blemish out of the flocks, according to your estimation of its worth in shekels of silver, after the shekel of the sanctuary, for a guilt offering.

16 And he shall make amends for the harm that he has done in the holy thing, and shall add a fifth portion to it, and give it to the priest: and the priest shall make atonement for him with the ram of the guilt offering, and it shall be forgiven.

17 If a person sins, and commits any of these things which are forbidden to be done by the commandments of the LORD; although he did not know it, yet is he guilty, and shall bear his iniquity.

18 And he shall bring a ram without blemish out of the flock, by your estimation, for a trespass offering, to the priest: and the priest shall make atonement for him concerning his ignorance by which he erred and knew iit not, and it shall be forgiven, 

19 It is a trespass offering: he has certainly trespassed against the LORD.”

See also: Leviticus 5 in ESV, HCSB, NASB and NIV via Bible Gateway.